The main values of wenn are time and condition, two values that are closely interrelated (Drosdowski et al. 1984: 700), not only in German. The use of temporal notions like before and after in order to define more abstract notions like cause and effect has been observed by several scholars (Drosdowski et al. 1984: 697; Cuenca 1992–1993 and 1999: 173; Pérez Saldanya and Salvador 1995: 91). The conjunction nachdem, for example, has a temporal and a causal meaning, although the latter is no longer used in standard German. For Catalan, Salvador (2002: 2989) highlights the semantic proximity between certain causal and conditional clauses, on the one hand, and between the latter and temporal clauses, on the other.